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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people with ADHD take medication for the condition. It can ease symptoms but can also cause negative side effects. Talk to your doctor in the event of any adverse reactions. Stimulants are among the most popular kind of prescription medication that healthcare doctors prescribe for ADHD. These medications increase the levels of brain chemicals, also known as neurotransmitters, that regulate the behavior and attention. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant of first choice to treat ADHD in children and adults is the most commonly prescribed medication. It works by enhancing the activity of brain regions that control attention and behavior. Methylphenidate may also be used to treat other conditions like narcolepsy. It can help patients with Narcolepsy to stay awake throughout the day and improve their ability to concentrate and pay attention. This medication has a very high potential for abuse and is classified as a Schedule II drug in the US Drug Enforcement Agency. Following the exact dosage prescribed will reduce the risk for abuse and also other side effects. Methylphenidate can cause psychotic symptoms in some people. It can also exacerbate behavior problems and tics in certain people suffering from Tourette's syndrome or bipolar disorder. People suffering from these conditions should tell their doctor before starting this medication. It is essential to inform your doctor if you suffer from any other health concerns or are allergic to any food or dyes (such as tartrazine, a yellow color found in some processed foods and some medications or if you're taking Adhansia XR). Methylphenidate can interact with certain medications, including opioids, antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, such as isocarboxazid (Marplan) Linezolid (Zyvox) Methylene blue, the phenelzine (Nardil) and rasagiline (Azilect) selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar) or tranylcypromine (Parnate). It is also essential to stay clear of drinking alcohol or other stimulant drugs when taking methylphenidate. These can have a dangerous impact on your blood pressure and heart rate. The methylphenidate tablets that are immediate-release (Ritalin), the long-acting oral disintegrating capsule and chewable tablets (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla XR-ODT), and chewable tablets with a long-acting mechanism (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla-XR-ODT) contain the chemical phenylalanine. This can be dangerous if a genetic condition known as phenylketonuria occurs. Bupropion Bupropion, an antidepressant medication is a brain stimulant and improves mood. It also eases the symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal depression (SAD), which occurs during the fall-winter months. It is also used to help smokers quit by decreasing nicotine cravings and withdrawal effects. Bupropion has been shown to reduce ADHD symptoms in adults in a variety of studies. The fixed effect RR pooled for week-6 improvements (using an increase in clinical significance of 30% or greater on the CGI) is 1.14 (95%CI 0.95-1.37). For the overall response, this equates to 52 percent of the bupropion group and 37% of the placebo group. Bupropion can have serious and sometimes life-threatening interactions with several different drugs, including sedatives antidepressants, and blood pressure medications. It can also increase the risk of having seizures in those who have seizures or high blood pressure. It is not recommended in certain medical conditions, and women who are pregnant or nursing should not take it. Bupropion can be found in the brand name medications Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Budeprion SR, Aplenzin, and Forfivo XL. It is also available in generic form. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants (abbreviated TCAs) are a group of drugs that affect brain chemicals. They were among the first antidepressants that were created, and even though they are no longer the first-line treatment for depression they are still effective in some people with other disorders. They work by preventing the reuptakes of dopamine as well as serotonin, increasing their levels of availability in neurons. They also aid in reducing the symptoms of other conditions, including pain syndromes and enuresis like fibromyalgia or the phantom the limb syndrome. TCAs are effective in treating ADHD symptoms, whether they are prescribed on their own or with stimulants. They can reduce the severity of ADHD symptoms and decrease anxiety, depression, and the tendency to be impulsive. Additionally, they can aid in managing disorders like tics, which are repeated uncontrollable movements or sounds, such as throat clearing or blinking. TCAs can cause adverse reactions, including dry mouth and sedation and may increase the risk of heart problems. These drugs may interact with other medications, such as anticholinergics and should be avoided in pregnant women. These medications are also known to cause teratogenic effects in animals and can cross the placenta. If you have any concerns discuss it with your doctor because there are newer antidepressants with a safer adverse-effect profile. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) The SSRIs are antidepressants. They consist of a class of drugs that hinder serotonin reuptake by neurons and help increase the amount of serotonin available to signal. They also decrease anxiety and lower impulsive behavior. They are often used as adhd medication because they improve symptoms in some people and may be beneficial alongside other medications. Examples of SSRIs include paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline, and citalopram. They have linear pharmacokinetics and have low clearance from the body, yet they are extensively metabolized in the liver by CYP450 enzymes. This leads to varying blood concentrations. These drugs can also be prescribed to treat other disorders like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as generalized anxiety disorder and the bulimia-nervosa. The SSRIs fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline may help reduce PTSD symptoms. However, they do not appear to be effective for other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs can cause a rare side effect of sexual dysfunction. It is essential to discuss this with your doctor if are thinking about taking one of these medications. Many people have to try a few different types of ADHD medication before finding the one that works for them. Research and development of new medications is ongoing. It is crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you take. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) If stimulant drugs aren't effective for adults with ADHD doctors typically prescribe an antidepressant known as a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). These medications increase the levels of two brain chemicals, norepinephrine and serotonin. They also improve mood and reduce depression and anxiety. SNRIs are similar to TCAs however, they are more secure and have fewer adverse effects. They are prescribed for a variety of ailments like anxiety disorders, long-term pain like fibromyalgia, and nerve pain. They are also sometimes employed as an adjunct treatment for depression. Examples of SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor). These medications act by inhibiting the reabsorption (reuptake) of norepinephrine, which is a natural reaction in the brain following neurotransmission. This results in a larger-than-normal phasic release of norepinephrine. The increased levels of norepinephrine help increase concentration and mood. Although SNRIs aren't endorsed by the FDA to treat ADHD However, some doctors are using as an alternative to stimulants. They are typically taken orally as pills however, they can also be taken as liquids or patches. In April 2021, the FDA approved an oral SNRI known as viloxazine (Qelbree) to treat ADHD in kids and adolescents. It is not a controlled substance since it doesn't have the potential to be abused. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that alter the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. They are prescribed for anxiety and depression disorders, but can also help control ADHD symptoms. Numerous studies have demonstrated that SNRI medications, including duloxetine and venlafaxine, can significantly reduce the score of various ADHD questionnaires. However, SNRIs can increase a person's blood pressure, and can interact with certain medications. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor before taking these medications. Additionally, improperly disposed medication could cause harm to people and animals. Therefore, it is essential to follow the proper disposal guidelines. SSRIs and SNRIs have not been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD, but doctors can prescribe these medications off-label. They are safe and effective, as well as having less adverse effects than stimulants. Talk to your doctor about your child's symptoms and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these medications. SNRIs may not be suitable for all people. For instance women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not use SNRIs, because they can be passed into breast milk. People with high blood pressure or liver problems should not take these medications, either, since they may increase their risks of developing cardiovascular problems. Selective dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DARPIs) Many people suffering from ADHD take medication to improve their concentration and attention. Some individuals may also notice a decrease in impulsive behavior. Medication is usually combined with behavior therapy and training, which helps people get control of their symptoms. It takes time to determine the appropriate dosage and medication for each individual. During this time doctors will be monitoring the physical reactions of patients to find a balance between benefits and side effects. The stimulant drugs, like methylphenidate, boost the activity of certain brain chemicals that regulate memory and attention. medications for adhd are generally safe and effective for the majority of people, but they can have serious side consequences, such as decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping. These side effects usually subside within a few days as your body adapts to the medication. Children and adults can also use non-stimulant drugs. They may take longer to work but they can enhance the ability to control impulses and concentration. They may include alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (atomoxetine, viloxazine) and guanfacine hydrochloride. Antidepressants are also effective for treating ADHD. They can increase the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in the brain, and aid in the impulsive behavior and depression. Bupropion, a depressant, has been prescribed to treat ADHD. It was prescribed “off-label” however, drug companies developed extended-release versions, and the FDA approved the use of it as an treatment.